Crossed roller bearings are widely used in high-precision machinery, robotics, industrial automation, and CNC equipment due to their ability to support high radial, axial, and moment loads in a compact footprint. Despite their robust design, the performance and lifespan of these bearings heavily depend on preload—the initial axial force applied during installation.
Understanding preload and its effects is critical for engineers, machine operators, and maintenance teams who rely on accuracy, reliability, and smooth motion in demanding industrial applications. In this article, we dive deep into the concept of preload, its benefits, risks of incorrect application, and practical tips for achieving optimal bearing performance.
What Is Preload in Crossed Roller Bearings?
Preload refers to the intentional application of an axial load to a bearing assembly to eliminate internal clearance between rollers and raceways. This controlled pressure ensures that the bearing operates with minimal play, resulting in improved rigidity, precision, and smooth rotational motion.
In high-precision applications like CNC rotary tables, robotic arms, medical imaging devices, and semiconductor machinery, preload helps prevent backlash, reduces vibration, and maintains repeatability of motion—essential for consistent manufacturing quality.
Types of Preload
Preload in crossed roller bearings can generally be classified into two types:
Light Preload
Light preload is applied to improve stiffness and reduce minor vibration without significantly increasing friction. It is suitable for applications requiring smooth motion and moderate precision.
Heavy PreloadHeavy preload eliminates almost all internal clearance, significantly enhancing rigidity and load capacity. This is ideal for high-precision machining,
rotary tables under heavy loads, and robotics with tight positional accuracy requirements.
Selecting the appropriate preload type is critical and should be based on the specific load, rotational speed, and precision requirements of the application.
Benefits of Proper Preload
Applying the correct preload offers multiple advantages:
Enhanced Rigidity
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For more detailed information on how preload affects the performance of crossed roller bearings, please click here:https://www.prsbearings.com/a/news/how-preload-impacts-crossed-roller-bearing-performance.html
