hammer crusher is widely used in mining, cement, coal, metallurgy, and construction industries for crushing brittle materials such as limestone, slag, and coal. To ensure stable operation, extend equipment life, and reduce downtime, proper maintenance is essential.Maintaining a hammer crusher is crucial for its optimal performance, longevity, and safe operation.

Hammer Crusher Maintenance

hammer crusher

I. Regular Inspections (Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Annually):

Hammers and Hammer Rods:

Visual Inspection: Look for rounded, blunted, chipped edges, cracks, or fractures.

Rotation: Hammers often have multiple striking edges (2-way or 4-way reversible). Rotate them to a new edge when the current one becomes worn. This maximizes their lifespan.

Replacement: Replace hammers when all cutting edges are rounded or if they show excessive wear or damage. Replace hammers in factory-balanced sets to prevent imbalance.

Hammer Rods: Inspect for grooving or wear. Replace if grooving is present, especially when replacing hammers in a row.

Screens/Sieve Plates and Bar Grates:

Wear and Damage: Check for holes, tears, excessive clogging, or elongated perforations.

Cleaning: Regularly remove material buildup to ensure better efficiency.

Replacement: Replace screens or bar grates when worn or damaged, as worn-out openings lead to inconsistent particle size.

Wear Plates/Liners:

Thinning: Inspect regularly for signs of thinning, particularly around the bolts.

Replacement: Replace wear plates when they show signs of thinning to protect the main housing.

Bearings:

Signs of Wear: Check for signs of wear, overheating (excessive heat, unusually high temperature), or vibration. Listen for unusual whines or squeaks.

Lubrication: Proper lubrication is critical. Refer to the manufacturer’s guidelines for the recommended lubricant type and schedule. Avoid over-lubrication.

Replacement: Replace any damaged or worn bearings promptly, often in pairs.

Motor Coupling:

Alignment: Check the motor coupling and its alignment every 6-12 months. Misalignment can cause vibrations.

Fasteners: Ensure mounting and coupling bolts are tightly fastened.

Belts:

Tension: Check the tension of drive belts regularly. Adjust as needed to prevent slipping and ensure proper power transmission.

Wear: Inspect for cracks or signs of wear.

Fasteners (Bolts, Nuts):

Tightness: Regularly check and tighten all bolts, nuts, and fasteners to the recommended torque values. Loose fasteners can lead to vibration and damage.

Airflow:

Cleanliness: Ensure proper airflow through the mill. Poor airflow can reduce product speed and overall efficiency.

More detailed information about hammer crusher maintenance methods can be found at: https://www.zymining.com/en/a/news/hammer-crusher-maintenance.html

Vibrating screen mesh plays a critical role in the screening efficiency and product quality in various industrial applications. Over time, due to wear and tear or changes in production requirements, it becomes necessary to change the screen mesh. Changing the vibrating screen mesh involves a careful process of dismantling, selecting the appropriate mesh size and material, and installing it securely to ensure optimal performance.

Vibrating Screen Mesh Change

Cooperation Customer

Changing a vibrating screen mesh safely is crucial for preventing injuries and ensuring the longevity of your equipment. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process.

I. Preparation: Safety First!

Read the Manual: Always refer to your vibrating screen’s owner’s manual for specific instructions, warnings, and recommended procedures. Different manufacturers may have unique requirements.

Gather Your Tools and PPE:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Safety glasses or face shield

Gloves (cut-resistant are recommended)

Steel-toed boots

Hard hat (if there’s an overhead risk)

Hearing protection

Tools:

Wrenches (open-ended, box-end, or socket set, appropriate for your screen’s fasteners)

Pry bar or flat bar (for stubborn tension rails)

Wire cutters or tin snips (if dealing with wire mesh)

Tape measure (for verifying new screen dimensions)

Brush or scraper (for cleaning)

Marker or chalk (for marking components)

Sling or hoist (for large, heavy screens, if applicable)

New screen mesh

Any necessary replacement wear parts (e.g., clamp bars, rubber strips, tension springs).

De-energize and Lock Out/Tag Out (LOTO): This is paramount!

Shut down the screen: Turn off the power at the control panel.

Isolate the power source: Disconnect the main power supply to the screen.

Apply LOTO procedures: Use locks and tags to prevent accidental re-energization during maintenance.

Verify zero energy: Confirm that the screen cannot start unexpectedly (e.g., by attempting to start it after LOTO).

Clear the Area: Remove any loose materials, tools, or personnel from the immediate vicinity of the screen to create a safe working space.

High Frequency Dehydration Vibrating Screen

II. Removing the Old Screen Mesh:

Inspect for Remaining Material: Ensure there’s no material left on the screen surface. If necessary, use a brush or scraper to remove any stuck material.

Identify Tensioning Mechanism: Understand how your specific screen mesh is tensioned. Common methods include:

Side Tension: Clamp bars along the long sides of the screen.

More detailed information on the step-by-step guide to replacing vibrating screens can be found at: https://www.hsd-industry.com/news/vibrating-screen-mesh-change/

vibrating screen mesh size chart is a crucial tool for selecting the right screen for various material separation applications. It helps you understand the relationship between “mesh number” (or mesh count) and the actual physical “aperture” or opening size of the screen.

Vibrating Screen Mesh Size Chart

Cooperation Customer

Understanding Mesh Size:

Mesh Number (or Mesh Count): This refers to the number of openings per linear inch of screen.

Higher mesh number = Smaller openings = Finer particles

Lower mesh number = Larger openings = Coarser particles

Aperture Size: This is the actual physical dimension of the opening between the wires in the mesh. It’s typically expressed in millimeters (mm), micrometers (µm or microns), or inches.

Wire Diameter: The thickness of the wire used to weave the mesh. This affects the open area percentage.

Open Area Percentage: This is the ratio of the open space (aperture) to the total mesh area. A higher open area generally means better flow and throughput.

More detailed information about the vibration screen mesh size table can be found here:https://www.hsd-industry.com/news/vibrating-screen-mesh-size-chart/

Banana screens are known for their high screening efficiency, particularly for materials with a high percentage of fines or high moisture content. Their multi-slope design, resembling a banana, allows for rapid stratification and efficient separation.

How to improve screening efficiency with banana screens

Double banana sieve

1. Optimize Screen Parameters:

Adjust Inclination Angle: Banana screens have varying inclination angles along their length. The steep angle at the feed end allows material to move quickly and stratify, while the gentler angle at the discharge end slows it down, giving finer particles more time to pass through. Experiment with these angles to find the optimal settings for your specific material and desired separation. Studies suggest that an inclination of 10° at the discharge end with a 5° increment across the screen can be highly effective.

Vibration Parameters: Fine-tuning the amplitude and frequency of vibration is crucial.

Amplitude: Increasing the amplitude can improve screening efficiency for larger particles, while reducing it might be better for finer particles.

Frequency: Higher frequencies can improve screening efficiency by causing material to move more quickly and reducing clogging, but also consider potential increases in noise and wear.

Vibrating Direction Angle: Adjusting the angle of the eccentric block (e.g., 30° to 90°) can change the proportion of horizontal and vertical exciting force, creating an elliptical vibration track that enhances material throwing and screening, especially for high humidity or viscous materials.

2. Optimize Feed Management:

Uniform and Consistent Feeding: Ensure the material is fed evenly across the entire width of the screen. Uneven loading can lead to reduced efficiency and premature wear. Use feeders, chutes, or baffles to distribute the material uniformly.

Controlled Feed Rate: Avoid overloading or under-utilizing the screen’s capacity. Too much material can cause clogging, while too little can lead to inefficient screening. Adjust the feed rate to match the screen’s capabilities and the material’s flowability and density.

Feed Preparation: Properly condition the feed material. Adjust moisture content and particle size distribution to prevent blinding, pegging, or uneven bed formation. For wet screening, optimize water flow rate and spray patterns.

3. Choose and Maintain Screen Media:

Appropriate Screen Aperture/Mesh Size: Select the right mesh size to match the particle size distribution of the material being processed. This directly impacts screening accuracy and throughput.

Screen Panel Material: Consider factors like wear resistance and open area when selecting screen panels (e.g., woven wedge wire, polyurethane, rubber modular panels). High opening rates generally lead to higher screening efficiency, but might reduce screen life.

Reduce Blinding and Clogging: Banana screens are designed to reduce blinding due to their multi-slope design. However, if it occurs, consider using screen cleaning devices like sliders, ball trays, or ultrasonic deblinding systems. Using screens with self-cleaning properties, such as tapered openings, can also help.

Regular Inspection and Replacement: Regularly inspect screen panels for wear, damage, or blockages. Promptly clean or replace damaged or worn-out panels to maintain optimal aperture openings and efficiency.

Single layer horizontal sieve

4. Implement Robust Maintenance Practices:

Regular Inspections: Conduct daily, weekly, and monthly inspections of all components, including the screen deck, side plates, cross members, vibrating components (springs, bearings, vibrator mounting bolts), feed/discharge areas, and structural integrity.

For more detailed information on how to improve the efficiency of banana screening, please click here:https://www.hsd-industry.com/news/improving-the-screening-efficiency-of-banana-screens/

Installing and debugging a banana vibrating screen involves several critical steps to ensure its proper function and longevity. Banana screens are designed with multiple inclination angles, decreasing from the feed to the discharge end, which helps maintain a relatively constant material bed depth and high travel velocity.

How to install and debug a banana vibrating screen

Single layer horizontal sieve

Banana Vibrating Screen Installation

1. Preparation:

Inspect the Equipment: Before installation, thoroughly check the new vibrating screen for any damage during transit, such as rusted bearings, aged seals, or structural deformities. Replace any damaged parts.

Lubrication: If the vibrator was injected with anti-rust oil at the factory, replace it with the appropriate lubricating oil before operation.

Site Preparation: Ensure the foundation (concrete or steel structure) is level and sturdy. If storing outdoors before installation, place the screen stably on sleepers at least 250mm off the ground and cover with a rainproof tarpaulin.

2. Assembling the Screen:

Support/Hanging Device: Install the support or hanging device according to the provided component and installation diagrams. Level the foundation first.

Springs: Carefully select springs based on their marked stiffness values and install them to ensure they are vertical and not twisted. The force of the vibration isolation springs should be uniform. Measure spring compression; the two sets of springs at the feeding end should have the same compression, and similarly for the discharge end. Compression at the feed and discharge ends can differ.

Screen Box Connection: Connect the screen box to the support or hanging device. Adjust the screen box to the specified inclination angle. For hanging screens, adjust both the inclination and the level of the main axis simultaneously, typically correcting the horizontal level first to eliminate deflection.

Motor and Belt Installation: Install the motor, ensuring its foundation is level and its horizontal position is corrected. The center lines of the two belt wheels’ grooves must coincide. Adjust the tension of the triangular belt to be appropriate.

Screen Surface: Install and fix the screen surface according to requirements, ensuring it is evenly tensioned to prevent local vibration.

Connections and Lubrication: Check all connecting parts (screen plate, vibrator, etc.) for secure fastening. Verify lubrication of the transmission part. Ensure motor and control box wiring is correct. Manually turn the transmission part to check for normal operation.

Clearance Check: Confirm that the feed and discharge chutes and the funnel under the screen have no collision points with the screen during operation.

3. Test Run (No Load):

Duration: The initial empty run should be no less than 8 hours.

Observation: During this period, observe:

Smooth and quick startup.

Stable vibration and operation, free from special noise.

Amplitude meets requirements (check with an amplitude plate).

No swaying of the screen box. If swaying occurs, check for excessive spring height difference, uneven wire rope tension, non-horizontal rotation axis, or overly tight triangular belt, and adjust accordingly.

For more detailed information about banana screen commissioning and installation, please click here: https://www.hsd-industry.com/news/banana-vibrating-screen-installation-and-debugging/

From the shimmering, fluid curves of a landmark cultural center to the crisp, minimalist lines of a contemporary skyscraper, aluminum sheet has become one of the most defining materials of modern and contemporary architecture. More than just a functional metal, aluminum has provided architects with a versatile and expressive medium to realize ambitious designs that were previously unimaginable.

Aluminum sheet has become a highly popular material in modern architecture due to its unique combination of aesthetic versatility, structural properties, and sustainability.

Applications of Aluminum Sheet in Modern Architecture

Aluminum sheet

Facades and Cladding: This is one of the most common applications. Aluminum panels, including aluminum composite materials (ACM) and perforated sheets, are extensively used for exterior walls, providing a sleek, modern appearance and protection against weather. They can be customized with various finishes, colors, and patterns.

Roofing Systems: Lightweight and corrosion-resistant, aluminum is an excellent choice for both residential and commercial roofing, including standing seam systems and shingles. Its reflective properties also contribute to energy efficiency by reducing heat absorption.

Windows and Doors: Aluminum is widely used for window and door frames due to its strength, durability, and ability to support large glass panels. Modern aluminum window frames often incorporate thermal breaks for improved energy efficiency.

Curtain Walls: As non-structural exterior walls, curtain walls frequently utilize aluminum for their framing, allowing for large, transparent surfaces that maximize natural light.

More detailed information about the application and features of aluminum sheet in modern architecture can be found by clicking visit: https://www.dw-al.com/a/news/aluminum-sheet-in-modern-architecture-applications.html

The aluminum sheet size depends entirely on its thickness, width, length, and intended application, which can range from a small craft project to the skin of an airplane.

Aluminium Sheet Size

aluminum sheet

The size of aluminum sheets varies widely depending on the application and manufacturer. However, there are common standard dimensions and thicknesses.

Common Standard Sizes (Length x Width):

In Imperial measurements:

4 feet x 8 feet (48″ x 96″)

4 feet x 10 feet (48″ x 120″)

5 feet x 10 feet (60″ x 120″)

Also smaller sizes like 12″ x 12″, 12″ x 18″, 18″ x 24″, 36″ x 72″ are available.

In Metric measurements:

1200 mm x 2440 mm

1200 mm x 3000 mm

1500 mm x 3000 mm

Other common metric sizes include 2000 x 1000 mm, 2500 x 1250 mm, 3000 x 1250 mm, 3000 x 1500 mm, and larger up to 4000 x 2000 mm or 12000 mm in length for plates.

Common Thicknesses:

Aluminum sheet thickness is often measured in millimeters (mm) or by gauge number (though gauge numbers can vary between materials).

Typical thicknesses range from:

Very thin: 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm (e.g., for lighting fixtures, computer panels)

Common uses: 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 6.0 mm (often used for general construction, enclosures, vehicle bodies)

Thicker plates: 8.0 mm, 10.0 mm, 12.0 mm, up to 50 mm or even 500 mm for very thick plates (used in heavy machinery, marine components, pressure vessels).

Important Considerations:

Alloy and Temper: The specific alloy (e.g., 1050A, 3003, 5052, 6061, 7075) and temper (e.g., H14, H32, T6) will affect the properties of the sheet, such as its strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance.

For more detailed information about aluminum sheet sizes click to visit: https://www.dw-al.com/a/news/aluminium-sheet-size.html

Aluminum coil is an incredibly versatile material used across a vast range of industries due to its unique combination of properties. Essentially, an aluminum coil is a flat sheet of aluminum that has been rolled up, making it easier to transport, store, and process into various products.

Aluminum Coil Uses

Aluminum coil

Here are the main reasons why aluminum coil is so widely used, and some of its common applications:

Key Properties that Make Aluminum Coil Versatile:

Lightweight: Aluminum is significantly lighter than many other metals, like steel, making it ideal for applications where weight reduction is crucial (e.g., transportation).

Corrosion Resistance: It naturally forms a protective oxide layer that resists rust and corrosion, even in harsh environments. This makes it excellent for outdoor and marine applications.

High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Despite being lightweight, certain aluminum alloys can be very strong, offering excellent structural integrity.

Malleability and Formability: Aluminum is highly ductile and malleable, meaning it can be easily formed, stamped, bent, drawn, and shaped into complex parts without breaking.

Thermal and Electrical Conductivity: It’s an excellent conductor of heat and electricity, making it suitable for electrical components and heat transfer applications.

Reflectivity: Aluminum has high reflectivity, which is useful in lighting and insulation.

For more detailed information on the uses of aluminum coils click to visit: https://www.dw-al.com/a/news/aluminum-coil-uses.html

The lifespan of a printed aluminum sheet can vary significantly depending on several factors, including the printing process, the quality of materials used, and environmental conditions.The lifespan of a printed aluminum sheet can range from 3 years to over 100 years.

How long does a printed aluminum sheet last

printed aluminum sheet

1. Printing Process:

Dye-sublimation (most common for “metal prints”): This is often considered the most durable method for printing on aluminum. The dyes are infused into a special coating on the aluminum sheet using heat and pressure. This creates a highly scratch, water, and fade-resistant print. Dye-sublimated metal prints can last anywhere from 60 to 100 years without significant fading, with some studies showing them outlasting archival photographic prints by a factor of four. ChromaLuxe panels, a leading brand for dye-sublimation, are rated for 65+ years.

Direct Printing (UV printing): In this method, ink is printed directly onto the surface of the aluminum. While it can produce vibrant prints and allow for post-printing effects, direct printing is generally less durable than dye-sublimation. The inks are on the surface, making them more susceptible to scratching and fading over time.

They are often suitable for indoor and semi-outdoor applications.

Screen Printing: This process can offer good durability on metal, lasting up to 12-13 years in some cases.

Etching and Metalphoto: These are highly durable processes for metal nameplates and can last up to 30 years.

2. Material Quality:

Aluminum Quality: High-quality aluminum (like aluminum alloys or composite panels like Dibond, which has two aluminum sheets with a plastic core) is less likely to degrade, warp, bend, or rust over time. Thicker aluminum boards are also more durable.

Protective Coatings/Laminates: Many printed aluminum sheets, especially dye-sublimated ones, have a protective top coat with UV-resistant qualities. This significantly slows down fading and provides resistance to scratches and moisture. Anti-graffiti laminates can further extend the life of outdoor prints.

Ink Quality: UV-resistant inks are crucial for longevity, especially if the print will be exposed to sunlight.

printed aluminum sheet

3. Environmental Conditions:

Direct Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and its UV rays is the biggest enemy of printed materials, including aluminum prints. It can cause inks to fade and the metal to become brittle. While good quality prints with UV coatings will resist fading for a long time, avoiding direct sunlight will maximize their lifespan.

For more detailed information about how long the printed aluminum sheet can be used click to visit: https://www.dw-al.com/a/news/printed-aluminum-sheet-life.html

Carbon-Carbon (C/C) composites are a class of high-performance materials that stand at the pinnacle of engineering for extreme environments. Composed of carbon fibers embedded within a carbon matrix, they are renowned for one primary characteristic: their extraordinary ability to maintain and even increase their strength at extremely high temperatures.

Carbon-carbon Composite Features

High strength-to-weight ratio: They are incredibly strong yet lightweight.

Excellent high-temperature resistance: They can retain their mechanical properties at extremely high temperatures (up to 3000°C or even 3315°C in inert atmospheres).

High thermal conductivity: Efficiently dissipate heat.

Low thermal expansion coefficient: Resist changes in size with temperature fluctuations.

High fatigue resistance: Can withstand repeated stress without failure.

Biocompatibility: Suitable for use in the human body.

Chemical inertness: Resist corrosion from various chemicals.

Carbon-carbon Composite Applications

Carbon-carbon Composites

Due to these remarkable characteristics, carbon-carbon composites find applications in a wide range of demanding industries:

1. Aerospace and Defense: This is the primary application area for C/C composites.

High-performance braking systems: Used extensively in aircraft (commercial and military, like the Concorde and Airbus A320) and high-speed vehicles (Formula One cars, supercars like Bugatti Veyron, and many Bentleys, Ferraris, Lamborghinis, Porsches). They offer superior heat capacity, reduced weight, and longer service life compared to steel brakes.

Re-entry heat shields and nose cones: Essential for spacecraft (like the Space Shuttle orbiter’s nose cone and wing leading edges), missiles, and re-entry vehicles, protecting them from extreme temperatures generated during atmospheric re-entry.

Rocket nozzles and motor throats: Can withstand the immense heat and pressure of rocket propulsion.

Leading edges of high-performance aerospace vehicles: Areas subject to intense heat and friction.

Engine components: Parts of turbojet engines.

More detailed information on carbon-carbon composite applications can be found by visiting: https://www.czgraphite.com/a/news/carbon-carbon-composite-applications.html